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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q31-Q36):
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following security practices is MOST effective in reducing system risk through system hardening?
Answer: C
Explanation:
System hardening involvesdisabling unnecessary features and enabling only required capabilitiesto reduce the attack surface:
* Minimizing Attack Vectors:Reduces potential entry points by disabling unused services and ports.
* Configuration Management:Ensures only essential features are active, reducing system complexity.
* Best Practice:Hardening is part of secure system configuration management to mitigate vulnerabilities.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Multiple users completing a task:More related to separation of duties, not hardening.
* B. Permitting only required access:Relevant for access control but not directly for system hardening.
* C. Giving users only necessary permissions:Reduces privilege risks but does not reduce the system attack surface.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "System Hardening Techniques," Subsection "Minimal Configuration" - Hardening involves enabling only necessary system functions to reduce risks.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Which of the following should be considered FIRST when defining an application security risk metric for an organization?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When defining anapplication security risk metric, the first consideration should be thecriticality of application data:
* Data Sensitivity:Determines the potential impact if the data is compromised.
* Risk Prioritization:Applications handling sensitive or critical data require stricter security measures.
* Business Impact:Understanding data criticality helps in assigning risk scores and prioritizing mitigation efforts.
* Compliance Requirements:Applications with sensitive data may be subject to regulations (like GDPR or HIPAA).
Incorrect Options:
* B. Identification of application dependencies:Important but secondary to understanding data criticality.
* C. Creation of risk reporting templates:Follows after identifying criticality and risks.
* D. Alignment with SDLC:Ensures integration of security practices but not the first consideration for risk metrics.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 9, Section "Risk Assessment in Application Security," Subsection "Identifying Critical Data"
- Prioritizing application data criticality is essential for effective risk management.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Which of the following is MOST likely to result from a poorly enforced bring your own device (8YOD) policy?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A poorly enforcedBring Your Own Device (BYOD)policy can lead to the rise ofShadow IT, where employees use unauthorized devices, software, or cloud services without IT department approval. This often occurs because:
* Lack of Policy Clarity:Employees may not be aware of which devices or applications are approved.
* Absence of Monitoring:If the organization does not track personal device usage, employees may introduce unvetted apps or tools.
* Security Gaps:Personal devices may not meet corporate security standards, leading to data leaks and vulnerabilities.
* Data Governance Issues:IT departments lose control over data accessed or stored on unauthorized devices, increasing the risk of data loss or exposure.
Other options analysis:
* A. Weak passwords:While BYOD policies might influence password practices, weak passwords are not directly caused by poor BYOD enforcement.
* B. Network congestion:Increased device usage might cause congestion, but this is more of a performance issue than a security risk.
* D. Unapproved social media posts:While possible, this issue is less directly related to poor BYOD policy enforcement.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 3: Asset and Device Management:Discusses risks associated with poorly managed BYOD policies.
* Chapter 7: Threat Monitoring and Detection:Highlights how Shadow IT can hinder threat detection.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Following a ransomware incident, the network teamprovided a PCAP file, titled ransom.pcap, located in theInvestigations folder on the Desktop.
What is the name of the file containing the ransomwaredemand? Your response must include the fileextension.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thefilename containing the ransomware demandfrom theransom.pcapfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the PCAP File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theInvestigationsfolder located on the desktop.
* Locate the file:
ransom.pcap
Step 2: Open the PCAP File in Wireshark
* LaunchWireshark.
* Open the PCAP file:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > ransom.pcap
* ClickOpento load the file.
Step 3: Apply Relevant Filters
Since ransomware demands are often delivered through files or network shares, look for:
* Common Protocols:
* SMB(for network shares)
* HTTP/HTTPS(for download or communication)
* Apply a general filter to capture suspicious file transfers:
kotlin
http or smb or ftp-data
* You can also filter based on file types or keywords related to ransomware:
frame contains "README" or frame contains "ransom"
Step 4: Identify Potential Ransomware Files
* Look for suspicious file transfers:
* CheckHTTP GET/POSTorSMB file writeoperations.
* Analyze File Names:
* Ransom notes commonly use filenames such as:
* README.txt
* DECRYPT_INSTRUCTIONS.html
* HELP_DECRYPT.txt
* Right-click on any suspicious packet and select:
arduino
Follow > TCP Stream
* Inspect the content to see if it contains a ransom note or instructions.
Step 5: Extract the File
* If you find a packet with afile transfer, extract it:
mathematica
File > Export Objects > HTTP or SMB
* Save the suspicious file to analyze its contents.
Step 6: Example Packet Details
* After filtering and following streams, you find a file transfer with the following details:
makefile
GET /uploads/README.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.44.200
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
* After exporting, open the file and examine the content:
pg
Your files have been encrypted!
To recover them, you must pay in Bitcoin.
Read this file carefully for payment instructions.
README.txt
Step 7: Confirm and Document
* File Name:README.txt
* Transmission Protocol:HTTP or SMB
* Content:Contains ransomware demand and payment instructions.
Step 8: Immediate Actions
* Isolate Infected Systems:
* Disconnect compromised hosts from the network.
* Preserve the PCAP and Extracted File:
* Store them securely for forensic analysis.
* Analyze the Ransomware Note:
* Look for:
* Bitcoin addresses
* Contact instructions
* Identifiers for ransomware family
Step 9: Report the Incident
* Include the following details:
* Filename:README.txt
* Method of Delivery:HTTP (or SMB)
* Ransomware Message:Payment in Bitcoin
* Submit the report to your incident response team for further action.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following roles is responsible for approving exceptions to and deviations from the incident management team charter on an ongoing basis?
Answer: D
Explanation:
TheCISOis typically responsible for approvingexceptions and deviationsfrom theincident management team charterbecause:
* Strategic Decision-Making:As the senior security executive, the CISO has the authority to approve deviations based on risk assessments and business priorities.
* Policy Oversight:The CISO ensures that any exceptions align with organizational security policies.
* Incident Management Governance:As part of risk management, the CISO is involved in high-level decisions impacting incident response.
Other options analysis:
* A. Security steering group:Advises on strategy but does not typically approve operational deviations.
* B. Cybersecurity analyst:Executes tasks rather than making executive decisions.
* D. Incident response manager:Manages day-to-day operations but usually does not approve policy deviations.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 2: Security Governance:Defines the role of the CISO in managing incident-related exceptions.
* Chapter 8: Incident Management Policies:Discusses decision-making authority within incident response.
NEW QUESTION # 36
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